Science Information

DNA Profiling: Its Uses In Court


DNA Profiling and Its Uses in Court

Stronger evidence in courtrooms-it's what every attorney, defendant, and plaintiff dreams of. Beginning in the last 1980s, this is exactly what began to surface through DNA profiling.

In addition to the one-of-a-kind pattern engraved on our fingers, each of us possesses a unique identifier that is built within our bodies. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic blueprint that determines our biological characteristics. DNA is a long molecule located in almost every cell in the human body. When we are conceived, we inherit half of our DNA from our mother and half from our father. Although every human's DNA is 99.9% identical, the remaining 0.1% is enough to uniquely identify an individual. Our DNA is made up of about 3 billion base pairs, the building blocks of DNA composed mainly of carbon and sugar. The 0.1% (3 million) base pairs that make us unique are what constitute our DNA fingerprint.

Over the past 20 years, courts have been able to rely upon the consistent accuracy of DNA profiling, also known as DNA fingerprinting, to solve crimes. DNA profiling has even been used to solve crimes that are more than 30 years old.

Here's how DNA profiling is done:

  • Specimens are collected from the crime scene. Anything can be used to extract DNA: Hair, blood, bodily fluids, etc. In some cases, victims may have scratched their attackers, in which case skin cells can be extracted from underneath the victim's fingernails in order to identify the criminal
  • The DNA needs to be isolated and cut so that it can be matched against other samples. Special enzymes recognize patterns in the DNA and cut the strand
  • In a process called electrophoresis, the strands are then placed on a gel where they are separated an electric current passed through it.
  • The resulting fragments are compared against samples of all suspects and a match is determined.
  • DNA profiling is mostly used in sexual offences (60%), homicide (20%), assaults (7%), robbery (7%), criminal damage (1%), and other cases (5%).

    DNA profiling narrows the list of suspects that authorities need to work through. The FBI commented that DNA profiling allows them to dismiss one-third of rape suspects because the DNA samples do not match. Authorities recognize the possibility of specimens being planted at crime scenes, and therefore continue to investigate the crime based on motive, weapon, testimony, and other clues in order to more accurately solve the case.

    Tom LeBaron is a marketing representative of DNA Bioscience and Sorenson Genomics. Receive your own free home paternity testing kit, or learn more about DNA profiling.


    MORE RESOURCES:

    Gary math/science academy loses sponsor
    Chicago Tribune, United States - 10 hours ago
    AP GARY, Ind. - Ball State University has withdrawn its sponsorship of the Indiana Math and Science Academy, saying the Gary school isn't ready for its ...
    Report throws doubt on proposed Foster City charter school Tri Valley Herald
    Ball State pulls its support for Gary charter school Gary Post Tribune
    Gary math/science academy loses sponsor WLFI.com
    all 9 news articles


    TopNews

    Purdue physicist found guilty of misconduct
    Los Angeles Times, CA - 20 hours ago
    In a 2002 paper touted on the cover of the prestigious journal Science, Taleyarkhan reported that he had used sonoluminescence on acetone in which the ...
    Purdue panel finds misconduct in professor's nuclear fusion research Chicago Tribune
    Purdue panel finds misconduct by fusion scientist The Associated Press
    Controversial Fusion Scientist Accused of Misconduct RedOrbit
    Journal and Courier - TopNews
    all 158 news articles


    News 10 Now

    Results Mixed On Connecticut Mastery Test
    Hartford Courant, United States - Jul 18, 2008
    By ARIELLE LEVIN BECKER | Courant Staff Writer No one knew exactly what to expect when the state began testing fifth- and eighth-graders in science this ...
    Math, writing, science scores up in CAPTs Newsday
    CAPT results are in: Reading scores slip Wilton Bulletin
    Westport's CAPT Scores Beat State Average Westport-News
    Connecticut Post - Hartford Courant
    all 106 news articles


    National Geographic

    Grunting, humming fish joins ancient chorus
    Scientific American - Jul 18, 2008
    They report in Science that the parts of the brain and spinal cord that control the rhythm of those muscles develop in a pattern similar to that of other ...
    Researchers report toadfish sing to attract mates The Associated Press
    PHOTOS: Noisy Fish Reveal Evolution of Vocalizing National Geographic
    We all sing like fish Science News
    BBC News - Daily Mail
    all 192 news articles


    Microcosm: E. Coli and the New Science of Life by Carl Zimmer
    Times Online, UK - 4 hours ago
    It is not, however, an equally good time to be reading popular-science books. While evolution gets a lot of ink devoted to it, in part because it is ...


    GE, NYSUT host math. science programs for teachers
    Bizjournals.com, NC - Jul 18, 2008
    The 5-year-old SEMI Foundation, based in California, was created to encourage students to study math and science and pursue careers in microelectronics. ...


    ScienceBlogs

    Evolution, Life Sciences, Science Education, Human Evolution, and ...
    ScienceBlogs - 2 hours ago
    My name is Greg Laden. You can find out about me here, contact me here, and for all the gory details, have a look at this... More than 400 baby penguins ...


    Search this blog
    ScienceBlogs - 1 hour ago
    I am the Online Community Manager at PLoS-ONE (Public Library of Science). My job is to try to motivate you to comment on the papers there. ...
    Global Warming, Media and Politics ScienceBlogs
    all 23 news articles


    FNUniv science camp wraps up
    Canada.com, Canada - 22 hours ago
    REGINA -- The First Nations University of Canada (FNUniv) wrapped up another successful health and science camp on Friday according to organizers. ...


    Malaysia, Indonesia sign science-tech MoUs
    Malaysia Star, Malaysia - 16 hours ago
    JAKARTA: Malaysia and Indonesia on Saturday signed six memorandums of understanding (MoUs) in the field of science and technology, a move which leaders of ...

    Science - Google News

    home | site map | Xray Photography
    © 2006